Conflict-Free Minerals: See What Intel is Doing in the Congo
（无冲突矿物质：Intel在刚果的行动）
By taking a stand and encouraging other companies to follow suit, Intel has committed to using minerals from “conflict-free” sources in the Congo.
通过采取立场并且鼓励其他公司一起行动起来，Intel致力于使用来自刚果的无冲突矿物质进行生产微处理器等产品。
Much has been made of “blood diamonds” that are mined and sold to fund conflict in war zones. But an issue more pervasive, and yet less publicized, is the widespread use of “conflict minerals,” which are likely present in the device you’re using to read this article.
很多含有“血钻”的矿石被开采并出售以资助给暴力分子发动战区的冲突。但是有一个问题更为普遍，但却很少被公众所知，那就是被普遍使用的“冲突矿物质”，而这很可能就出现在你用来阅读这篇文章的设备上（手机，Kindle，PC等）。
The mining of minerals used to make consumer electronics — such as tantalum, tin, tungsten and gold — can be used to fund militant violence and human-rights atrocities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
这些矿物（如钽，锡，钨和金）的开采，通常用于制造消费电子产品，被用来资助在刚果民族共和国（金）的武装分子的极端暴力和践踏人权的暴行。
It doesn’t need to be this way.
It is now becoming possible for computer devices to be made entirely with minerals that come from ethical and responsible sources.
这并不需要是这样。现在完全由来自有道德和负责任的来源的矿物质制造而成的计算机设备已经成为可能。
For the past five years, Intel has strived to create a smarter supply chain system, working with partners and across different industries to develop a standard that would allow device makers to better trace minerals.
在过去的五年中，Intel一直致力打造一个更智能的供应链体系。Intel与合作伙伴和不同的行业进行合作，以制定一个标准，允许设备制造商能够更好地跟踪矿物质来源。
Intel announced the availability of its first microprocessors made with conflict-free minerals in January 2014. The company continues to make steady progress toward its goal that all the products manufactured in 2016 and beyond will be conflict free.
2014年1月，Intel宣布首批采用无冲突矿物质的微处理器面世。公司继续稳扎稳打，以推进它所有产品在2016年及以后都采用无冲突矿物质生产。
According to The Impact of Dodd-Frank and Conflict Minerals Reforms on Eastern Congo’s Conflict, the result of these efforts has helped realize a 55 percent reduction in armed-group profits from the tin, tungsten and tantalum mined in the region. As Fast Company’s recent article Intel’s CEO Reveals the Company’s Plans to Build a Conflict-Free Supply Chain By 2016 reports, 90 percent of the world’s tantalum supply is now conflict-free.
根据“Dodd-Frank法对冲突矿产的改革，以及由此引发的对刚果东部的冲突的影响”表明，这些努力的结果有助于实现减少武装集团在该地区开采锡，钨和钽等矿物质所获利润的55％。由Fast公司最近的一篇报告“英特尔的CEO揭示了公司计划在2016年前建立一个无冲突的供应链”显示，全世界90%的钽供应现在是没有冲突的。
For years, natural resources mined in the DRC have generated profits that supported rebel groups and corrupt governments. To extract and sell the minerals used to make computer microprocessors, these groups used extortion and violence against their own people.
多年来，在刚果民主共和国开采这些自然资源产生的利润，支持了反叛集团和腐败的政府。为了提取并出售用于制造计算机微处理器的矿物质，这些群体使用敲诈和暴力来侵害自己的人民。
In 2008, the non-profit group Enough Project alerted Intel to what exactly was happening in the DRC. That sparked an immediate reaction.
在2008年的时候，非营利组织Enough Project提醒Intel警惕正在刚果发生的真实的事。这引发了Intel的即时反应。
“We have an obligation to implement changes in our supply chain to ensure that our business and our products were not inadvertently funding human atrocities,” said Intel CEO Brian Krzanich, who at the time led Intel’s supply chain and manufacturing efforts.
“我们有义务去实现我们供应链中的变化，以确保我们的业务和我们的产品不是在无意中资助对人类的暴行，”Intel首席执行官Brian Krzanich说。他当时领导着英特尔的供应链和制造业。
To stop sourcing minerals from the DRC altogether might have been the easiest solution, but Krzanich knew that would be economically devastating to the region and its people.
行业一致停止采购刚果的矿物质可能是最简单的解决方案，但是Krzanich认为，这将可能在经济上摧毁那个地区和那边的人民。
After partnering with the Enough Project, Intel worked with the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) and the tantalum industry to initially trace the origins of minerals used to make microprocessors.
在与Enough Project组织合作后，Intel又与电子行业公民联盟和钽工业合作，来倡导跟踪用于制造微处理器的矿物来源。
These results led to a quick determination that Intel needed to establish a smarter supply chain verification process. The data collected led to collaborations with the EICC and the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI), and ultimately to the creation of the Conflict Free Smelter Program (CFSP).
这些调查结果导致Intel迅速决定需要建立一个更加智能的供应链的验证程序。其中收集的数据引导了Intel与EICC和全球电子可持续发展倡议组织（GeSI）相互合作，并最终创立了无冲突冶炼厂计划（CFSP）。
One major issue arose when smelters came back to Intel willing to open their books for the company, but unable to afford costs of the audit.
一个主要问题出现了，那就是这些冶炼厂在面对Intel的审计要求时愿意开诚布公，但是它们没有能力负担得起审计的费用。
“Krzanich authorized money to provide a pool of funds that smelters could use to get audited — so that issue vanished,” explains Intel’s Conflict Minerals Program Manager and Supply Chain Director, Carolyn Duran.
“Krzanich授权出资建立资金池以使冶炼厂能够进行审计，因此这个问题就解决了。” Intel的冲突矿产项目经理和供应链总监卡罗琳·杜兰说道。
Part of this initiative is the “bag and tag” protocol in which every piece of mined ore validated as conflict-free within the region is traceable back to its source.
这一举措的一部分是“袋子和标签”协议，即每一块被证实为在无冲突区域内开采的矿石，都能够追溯到它的来源。
“Once you believe and witness the things that you are doing in the supply chain can actually make an impact on the ground, it’s almost impossible not to be passionate about it,” says Duran.
“一旦你相信并见证了你正在对供应链做的事情，它们实实在在地产生了巨大的影响，那么你是不可能不为此感到热血沸腾的。”杜兰说道。
By developing a system for Intel, Duran said her company is establishing conflict-free supply lines as part of the Conflict Free Sourcing Initiative that other companies in turn can use to make their own products.
通过给Intel开发新系统，杜兰说她的公司（Intel）正在设立无冲突的供给线以作为无冲突采购计划的一部分，这样别的公司就能陆续使用来生产各自的产品。
Over a five-year period, Intel visited 85 smelters and refiners in 21 different countries. Smelters that are compliant to a 3rd party audit program are listed publicly and thus available to all.
过去的五年间，Intel调查了21个不同国家里的85个冶炼厂和提纯厂。符合第三方审计标准的将被公开发布，大众都可以获取到这些信息。
“Those efforts … can be used by companies of any size,” said Duran. “We all, large and small companies, need to work together to drive change.”
“这些成果…可以被任何规模的公司使用，”杜兰说，“我们所有或大或小的公司都需要协同一致去推动变革。”
Intel likens this approach to open source software because it is completely transparent and available for other industries to operate in an equally ethical way without having to start their conflict-free efforts from scratch.
Intel把这个做法比喻为开源软件，因为它完全透明并且能够被其他行业获取，以采用一种同样合乎道德的方式进行操作，并且这种方式不需要重新开始制定自己的无冲突计划和措施等等。
For example, the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template is a collaborative effort with the CFSI that allows both sides of the supply chain to direct and audit their efforts so they can have one consolidated system.
举个栗子，冲突矿产报告模板与CFSI协作努力，允许在供应链的两侧引导和审计他们的生产方式和行为，这样他们可以有一个统一的系统。
“The minerals are important, but not as important as the lives of the people who work to get them,” Krzanich explained at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January.
“这些矿物质是很重要，但是还没重要到超过开采工人的生命，”Krzanich在一月的拉斯维加斯消费电子展解释道。
He asked other companies to put people above profits and help the electronics industry play a serious role in securing conflict-free minerals for the products they make.
他呼吁其他公司把对人的责任放在比利润更高的位置，帮助电子行业在确保他们生产的产品合乎无冲突矿物质标准中扮演一个严肃认真的角色。
To date, Intel has been joined by 150 companies in and outside of the electronics industry that are currently involved in efforts to stop funding violence in the Congo. The CFSI program continually maintains a list of conflict-free smelters.
截止到目前，已经有150个电子行业内外的公司加入到Intel的阻止给刚果的暴力分子提供资金的行动中来。CFSI项目将继续维护无冲突矿物质冶炼厂的名单。
“Developing the template and audit protocols took two years because there were a lot of stakeholders,” said Duran.
“由于有太多的利益相关者，开发模板和审计协议花费了两年时间。”杜兰说。
Still, that was considered incredibly quick according to policy experts who spoke with Duran.
不过，按照跟杜兰谈过话的政策专家们的看法，两年简直就是不可置信的快速。
There is no question more work needs to be done and that this journey towards offering conflict-free purchase choices has just begun. But foundational efforts by Intel have led to a set of basic standards for sourcing conflict-free minerals and, as a result, momentum is building as industries of all kinds get behind this common goal.
毫无疑问，有更多的工作需要做，而为无冲突的购买提供选择的旅程才刚刚开始。但是，英特尔基础性的贡献导致了一套采购无冲突矿物的基本标准，结果是，尽管各行各业落后于这一共同目标，但势头强劲。
“Ideally and eventually, all of Intel’s products are conflict-free,” said Duran.
“理想情况下，最终所有的英特尔的产品都是没有冲突的。”杜兰说。
Jonah Bayer and Laura Smith contributed to this article.
（此文章由_Jonah Bayer & Laura Smith贡献，原文链接_）